Paul Morphy
*
Unofficial World Champion *
1837 - 1884

He was without question the best player of his time and considered the World Champion since there was no official World Championship at the time. A match with Staunton would have resolved the issue.

Wilhelm Steinitz
*
1st World Champion *
1886 - 1894

To determine Morphy's successor, a match was held between Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort in NY, St. Louis and New Orleans.  Steinitz won by a score of 12-7, becoming the 1st World Champion.

Emanuel Lasker
*
2nd World Champion *
1894 - 1921

Emanuel Lasker's more refined and superior style proved decisively for Steinitz and in 1894, Lasker defeats Steinitz by a score of 12-7 in a match held in New York, Philadelphia and Montreal. 

Jose R. Capablanca
*
3rd World Champion *
1921 - 1927

Only an even stronger engame player like Jose Raul Capablanca could replace Dr. Lasker.  The "Chess Machine" as he was called, won the title against Emanuel Lasker in 1921 without a single game lost.

Alexander A. Alekhine
*
4th World Champion *
1927 - 1935  1937 - 1946

In a long match in Buenos Aires in 1927, Alekhine defeats Capablanca on his initial defense by 18 to 15.  His relations with Capablanca were so bad, that he never gave him a chance to regain the title.

 Machgielis (Max) Euwe
*
5th World Champion *
1935 - 1937

In 1935, in Holland, Dutchman Max Euwe won the title to Alekhine by a score of 15 to 14 and was the World Champion from 1935-37.  Max Euwe was the President of FIDE, the World's official body.

Mikhail M. Botvinnik
*
6th World Champion *
1948 - 1957  /  1958 - 1960  /  1961 - 1963

When Alekhine died (he had regained the title from Euwe earlier), FIDE took control of the title and held a match to determine a new Champion.  Botvinnik won the five-player event with 14 out of 20 points.

Vasily V. Smyslov
*
7th World Champion *
1957 - 1958

Vasily Smyslov's great endgame skill was the main reason he defeated Botvinnik for the title in 1957 and yet he played three matches against Mikhail Botvinnik for the title over the years 1954- 58.

Mikhail N. Tal
*
8th World Champion *
1960 - 1961

Tal, from Riga returned from Moscow with the tile after defeating Botvinnik by 12 to 8 in 1960. He was World Champion for one year after losing the Championship title back to Botvinnik in 1961.

Tigran V. Petrosian
*
9th World Champion *
1963 - 1969

Petrosian defeated Mikhail Botvinnik in 1963 with a 12 - 9 score.  He retained his Championship in a match against Boris Spassky in 1966 by a 12 - 11 score.  He loved constricted and cramped positions.

Boris V. Spassky
*
10th World Champion *
1969 - 1972

In 1969, Boris Spassky defeats Tigran Petrosian by a 12 - 10 score.  A child prodigy, Spassky became an International Master at the age of 16 and in 1955, at age 18, he became an International Grandmaster.

Robert J. Fischer
*
11th World Champion *
1972 - 1975

Bobby Fischer ended the Russian domination of the World Championship. He defeated Boris Spassky in 1972 in Reykjavik, Iceland by a score of 12 to 8 and becoming the first American to win the title.

Anatoly E. Karpov
*
12th World Champion *
1975 - 1985

In 1975, Karpov won the World Championship by default when Fischer refused to agree to the terms for a match.  His series of matches against Kasparov has set a record for most games by two opponents.  

Garry K. Kasparov
*
13th World Champion *
1985 - 1993

In 1985, Kasparov wins Karpov for the title by a 13-11 score. He defeats Karpov again in 3 more attempts for the title in '86, '87 and '90.  In 1993, he splits with FIDE to form PCA.  Was stripped of FIDE title in '93.

 Alexander Khalifman
*
14th World Champion *
1999 - 2000

Russian Grandmaster Alexander Khalifman won the FIDE World Championship in 1999. He defeated 8 players in a knockout event held at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada from July 31 to August 29.

Viswanathan Anand
*
15th World Champion *
2000 - 2001

Viswanathan Anand won the FIDE World Chess Title on Christmas Eve 2000, in a match held in Teheran, Iran and New Delhi, India. He beat Alexei Shirov in the final game by a score of 3 - .

Ruslan Ponomariov
*
16th World Champion *
2002 - 2004

Ruslan Ponomariov became the youngest Chess Grandmaster in history. At the age of 18, (born Oct. 11, 1983) he won the World Chess Championship by beating Vasilly Ivanchuk in Moscow by 4 1/2 - 2 1/2.

Rustam Kasimdzhanov
*
17th World Champion *
2004 - 2005

Rustam Kasimdzhanov GM from Uzbekistan, won the FIDE title in 2004 beating a string of world-class players like Almsi, Ivanchuk, Grischuk, Topalov and Adams. This match was held in Tripoli, Libya. 

Veselin Topalov
*
18th World Champion *
2005 - 2006

Veselin Topalov finished undefeated with 10 points on this match held in San Luis, Argentina with 1.5 points ahead of the runner-up GM Viswanathan Anand.  Topalov's performance rating was 2890.

Vladimir Kramnik
*
19th World Champion *
2006 - 2007

Vladimir Kramnik defeats GM Veselin Topalov in a twelve game match held in Elista, the Capital of Kalmykia southern Russia. After four extra rapid tie break games, Kramnik wins with a final 9-8 score.

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